Thesaurus P

For more detailed explanation on a subject heading entry, follow the the link from its name.

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Pain [SCOPE NOTE: Includes chronic and intractable pain, acute suffering; for emotional pain, use EMOTIONS or GRIEF]
Narrower terms: Back pain
Related Terms: Arthritis, Chronic illness, Drugs, Fibromyalgia, Hospices, Terminal illness
Use for: Chronic pain, Hyperalgesia

Panic disorders
Use: Anxiety disorders

Paralysis [SCOPE NOTE: Loss or impairment of motor functions in part due to lesion of the neural or muscular mechanisms; use more specific terms as appropriate]
Narrower terms: Hemiplegia, Paraplegia, Quadriplegia
Broader Terms: Muscular impairments, Neuromuscular disorders
Related Terms: Brain damage, Brain injuries, Neurological disorders, Poliomyelitis, Spasticity, Spina bifida, Spinal cord injuries, Stroke

Paralysis agitans
Use: Parkinson's disease

Paraparesis
Use: Paraplegia

Paraplegia [SCOPE NOTE: Paralysis of both legs; includes paraplegics]
Broader Terms: Paralysis
Related Terms: Brain injuries, Hemiplegia, Neurological disorders, Quadriplegia, Spinal cord injuries
Use for: Paraparesis

Paraprofessionals [SCOPE NOTE: Individuals with special training who assist professionals]
Broader Terms: Personnel
Related Terms: Manpower, Professionals, Volunteers
Use for: Allied health personnel, Peer counselors

Parenting with a disability
Broader Terms: Parents
Use for: Disabled parents

Parents [SCOPE NOTE: Includes all aspects of parenting]
Narrower terms: Parenting with a disability
Related Terms: Adoption, Caregivers, Child abuse, Child care, Children, Divorce, Family life, Infants, Marriage, Siblings, Youth
Use for: Disabled parents, Fathers, Mothers

Parkinson's disease [SCOPE NOTE: Chronic, progressive nervous disease causing muscular tremors, rigidity of movement, and peculiarity of gait]
Broader Terms: Neurological disorders
Related Terms: Nervous system, Spasticity
Use for: Paralysis agitans, Shaking palsy

Part-time employment [SCOPE NOTE: A work status or assignment regularly scheduled for less than 32 hours/week; CIRRIE term added April 2000]
Broader Terms: Employment
Related Terms: Full-time employment

Partially sighted
Use: Low vision

Pathology [SCOPE NOTE: Study of the nature of diseases, and the structural and functional changes produced by diseases; includes pathologists; see also specific diseases and related sciences]
Broader Terms: Medicine
Related Terms: Diagnosis, Etiology

Patient characteristics
Use: Client characteristics

Patient education [SCOPE NOTE: Educating the patient or the family about the disability or disease, health care issues, and prevention of possible complications]
Broader Terms: Education
Related Terms: Therapeutic training
Use for: Compliance with treatment, Family involvement, Health education, Patient training

Patient records
Use: Client records

Patient training
Use: Patient education, Therapeutic training

Patients
Use: Clients

Pediatrics
Use: Children, Infants, Medicine

Peer counseling [SCOPE NOTE: Emotional support, guidance, and information given to someone by another who has had similar experiences]
Broader Terms: Counseling, Counseling techniques
Related Terms: Group counseling, Independent living, Self concept, Self help

Peer counselors
Use: Paraprofessionals

Peer interactions
Use: Interpersonal relations

Perception [SCOPE NOTE: Awareness of the elements of environment through physical sensation, such as color or space perception]
Related Terms: Attitudes, Cognition, Learning, Self concept

Performance evaluation
Use: Counselor evaluation, Employee productivity, Employment statistics, Evaluation techniques, Functional evaluation, Task analysis, Vocational evaluation

Periodicals
Use: Journals

Personal adjustment
Use: Adjustment, Rehabilitation success, Work adjustment

Personal assistance
Use: Attendant care

Personal care attendants
Use: Attendant care

Personality [SCOPE NOTE: Non-physical characteristics that distinguish an individual or a group]
Narrower terms: Attitudes, Emotions, Self concept
Related Terms: Aggression, Behavior, Behavior modification, Depression

Personality disorders
Use: Anxiety disorders, Depression, Psychiatric disabilities, Schizophrenia

Personnel [SCOPE NOTE: Broad term; use specific terms listed below under Narrower Terms when appropriate]
Narrower terms: Administrators, Counselors, Health personnel, Medical personnel, Paraprofessionals, Physicians, Professionals, Supervisors, Teachers, Volunteers
Related Terms: Affirmative action, Certification, Consulting, Manpower, Staff development

Pet therapy
Use: Animals, Therapy

Pets
Use: Animals

Pharmacology [SCOPE NOTE: Science of drugs; includes the properties and reactions of drugs; also includes pharmacologists]
Related Terms: Drugs
Use for: Drug trials, Toxicology

Philosophy [SCOPE NOTE: Discipline dealing with rationale, evaluation of truths, principles of being, knowledge or conduct, especially as it relates to rehabilitation]
Narrower terms: Ethics
Related Terms: History, Religion

Phobias
Use: Anxiety disorders

Physiatrists
Use: Physical medicine

Physical disabilities [SCOPE NOTE: Formerly PHYSICALLY DISABLED. Broad term for documents discussing many different types of physical disabilities; see also specific disabilities and conditions. Term added July 1998.]
Broader Terms: Disabilities
Related Terms: Multiple disabilities, Physical evaluation, Physical therapy
Use for: Orthopedic disabilities, Orthopedically disabled, Physically disabled

Physical education [SCOPE NOTE: Education in care and development of the human body stressing athletics; use only in a school setting]
Broader Terms: Education
Related Terms: Exercise, Physical fitness, Recreation, Sports

Physical evaluation [SCOPE NOTE: Assessment of a client's physical abilities. Term added July 1998.]
Broader Terms: Evaluation
Related Terms: Functional evaluation, Physical disabilities, Physical fitness, Physical therapy
Use for: Kinematic measures, Motion analysis

Physical fitness [SCOPE NOTE: Includes physical conditioning and development of the body]
Related Terms: Exercise, Leisure, Nutrition, Obesity, Physical education, Physical evaluation, Prevention, Recreation, Sports

Physical medicine [SCOPE NOTE: Branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of physical diseases or disorders by a physician using physical agents such as heat, light, cold, electricity, manipulation, or by use of mechanical devices]
Broader Terms: Medicine
Related Terms: Medical treatment, Orthopedics, Physical therapy, Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation medicine
Use for: Physiatrists

Physical stress [SCOPE NOTE: Pressure, force or strain as it relates to the human body]
Related Terms: Mechanical stress, Mental stress
Use for: Stress

Physical therapy [SCOPE NOTE: Treatment plan usually prescribed by a doctor to develop muscle power and skill, or to restore lost or diminished bodily function; includes physical therapists]
Broader Terms: Medical treatment, Therapy
Related Terms: Art therapy, Exercise, Health personnel, Motor skills, Occupational therapy, Physical disabilities, Physical evaluation, Physical medicine, Speech therapy

Physically disabled
Use: Physical disabilities

Physicians [SCOPE NOTE: Includes practitioners of any type of medicine; see medical specialties under MEDICINE]
Broader Terms: Health personnel, Medical personnel, Personnel, Professionals
Related Terms: Medicine

Physiology [SCOPE NOTE: Science of the functions of the cells, tissues, and organs of living organisms]
Broader Terms: Medicine
Related Terms: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Body, Tissues
Use for: Cells, Organs

Pilot projects [SCOPE NOTE: Projects devised to serve as a tentative model for future development; includes pilot and feasibility studies]
Related Terms: Feasibility studies, Model cities, Model programs
Use for: Demonstration programs, Models

Placement [SCOPE NOTE: Completion of individual client plan signified by client's placement in a suitable job and by follow up for a period of time to determine that all needed services were provided, the job is suitable, client is satisfied, and client will have some job security; includes selective placement]
Related Terms: Accountability, Careers, Closure, Employment, Follow up, Job development, Outcome, Post employment
Use for: Recruitment

Planning [SCOPE NOTE: Act or process of making or carrying out plans; includes establishment of goals, objectives, policies, and procedures]
Narrower terms: Life care planning
Related Terms: Budget, Cost benefit analysis, Cost control strategies, Costs, Goal attainment scaling, Management, Marketing, Policy, Prediction, Problem solving, Systems analysis
Use for: Administration, Decision making

Plastic surgery [SCOPE NOTE: Surgery concerned with repair or restoration of missing, injured, or deformed parts of the body; includes restorative, reconstructive, and cosmetic surgery, skin grafts, and plastic surgeons]
Broader Terms: Surgery
Related Terms: Facial disfigurement

Play therapy
Use: Recreation, Therapy

Policy [SCOPE NOTE: Defined course or method of action selected from among alternatives; term added June 1989]
Related Terms: Planning
Use for: Decision making, Disability rights, Government policy

Polio
Use: Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis [SCOPE NOTE: Acute viral disease characterized by fever, motor paralysis, and atrophy of skeletal muscles, often with permanent disability and deformity; includes post polio syndrome]
Broader Terms: Muscular impairments, Neurological disorders
Related Terms: Paralysis, Spinal cord
Use for: Polio, Postpolio

Politics
Use: Federal regional relations

Positioning [SCOPE NOTE: Placing persons with disabilities in a specific position to ensure good circulation and so forth]
Related Terms: Posture

Positive behavioral support
Use: Behavior modification, Incentives

Positive reinforcement
Use: Behavior modification, Incentives

Post employment [SCOPE NOTE: Includes service delivery after an individual has been employed]
Related Terms: Employment, Follow up, Placement

Postpolio
Use: Poliomyelitis

Postsecondary schools
Use: Universities

Posttraumatic stress disorders [SCOPE NOTE: Stress disorders resulting from trauma; term added June 1989]
Related Terms: Mental stress, Spinal cord injuries

Posture [SCOPE NOTE: Carriage; way of bearing one's body]
Related Terms: Positioning

Poverty
Related Terms: Homeless, Low income, Unemployment, Welfare
Use for: Culturally disadvantaged, Disadvantaged, Economically disadvantaged, Educationally disadvantaged, Public assistance

Prediction [SCOPE NOTE: Includes forecasting and estimating on the basis of observation, experimentation, or scientific reasoning; for predicting rehabilitation outcome, use PREDICTION and OUTCOME]
Related Terms: Planning, Trends
Use for: Future, Prognosis

Pregnancy [SCOPE NOTE: Includes fertility and child bearing]
Broader Terms: Reproductive health
Related Terms: Family life, Fetal alcohol syndrome, Fetuses, Sexuality

Prejudice
Use: Attitudes

Prenatals
Use: Fetuses

Preschool [SCOPE NOTE: Includes nursery schools]
Broader Terms: Education
Use for: Kindergarten

Pressure sores [SCOPE NOTE: Sores produced by excessive pressure on an area, usually over a bony prominence, resulting from impairment of circulation and breakdown of tissue]
Broader Terms: Skin disorders
Related Terms: Tissues
Use for: Bed sores, Decubitus ulcers

Prevalence [SCOPE NOTE: Number of existing cases of a disease in a given population at a time]
Broader Terms: Statistics
Related Terms: Demographics, Epidemiology, Health statistics, Incidence

Prevention [SCOPE NOTE: Hindering the occurrence of physical or mental disease or disability; includes service delivery steps to avert disease or disability, public awareness programs]
Related Terms: Diagnosis, Disability management, Early intervention, Health care, Mental health, Nutrition, Physical fitness, Risk factors
Use for: Disease prevention, Public health model

Prevocational services [SCOPE NOTE: Includes evaluation, training, and assessment prior to work or vocational training; includes prevocational training]
Related Terms: Vocational evaluation

Primary care
Use: Health care, Medical treatment

Print disabled
Use: Reading skills

Prisons
Use: Correctional facilities

Private rehabilitation
Use: Private sector rehabilitation

Private sector
Use: Business, Private sector employment, Private sector rehabilitation

Private sector employment [SCOPE NOTE: Employment of disabled individuals in a competitive environment]
Broader Terms: Employment
Related Terms: Competitive employment, Projects with industry, Supported employment
Use for: Private sector

Private sector rehabilitation [SCOPE NOTE: Rehabilitation by or at privately owned and operated centers or facilities; if the document indicates "for profit" or "not for profit," this information will go into the abstract]
Broader Terms: Rehabilitation
Related Terms: Consulting, Organizations, Rehabilitation facilities, Vocational rehabilitation
Use for: Private rehabilitation, Private sector

Problem behavior
Use: Behavior problems

Problem solving [SCOPE NOTE: Management term; the process involved in the determination of the correct sequence of alternatives leading to a desired goal; abstract reasoning or computation]
Related Terms: Management, Needs assessment, Operations research, Planning, Systems analysis

Proceedings
Use: Conferences

Product design
Use: Devices design, Engineering, Wheelchair design

Production
Use: Employee productivity

Products

Professional education [SCOPE NOTE: Education at the university level leading to a professional degree; generally graduate education]
Narrower terms: Counselor education
Broader Terms: Education
Related Terms: Professional training, Schools, Training, Universities
Use for: Health education, Occupational information

Professional occupations [SCOPE NOTE: Careers for people who provide services to people with disabilities]
Related Terms: Careers, Continuing education, Counselor education, Counselor employment, Manpower

Professional training [SCOPE NOTE: Education for professionals in an informal setting]
Broader Terms: Education, Training
Related Terms: Careers, Continuing education, Counselor education, Professional education, Staff development, Training programs, Workshops
Use for: Occupational information

Professional workshops
Use: Workshops

Professionals [SCOPE NOTE: Use only when specific profession is not mentioned or not a descriptor; note that terms for professionals are often subsumed within discipline term, for example, dentists are included in DENTISTRY]
Narrower terms: Counselors, Physicians
Broader Terms: Personnel
Related Terms: Administrators, Manpower, Paraprofessionals

Prognosis
Use: Prediction

Program accessibility [SCOPE NOTE: Providing persons with disabilities access to activities and programs]
Broader Terms: Accessibility
Related Terms: Access guides, Accessibility legislation, Architectural accessibility, Programs, Transportation accessibility
Use for: Barrier free access

Program evaluation [SCOPE NOTE: Evaluation by specified set of criteria to measure effectiveness of agency or community programs or services]
Broader Terms: Evaluation
Related Terms: Outcome, Programs, Research
Use for: Quality of services

Programmed instruction [SCOPE NOTE: Includes programmed learning; often presented via computer or video]
Broader Terms: Instructional materials
Related Terms: Computer applications, Learning, Training materials
Use for: Computer assisted instruction

Programs [SCOPE NOTE: Includes program development]
Narrower terms: Client assistance programs, Employment programs, Model programs, Projects with industry, Technology assistance programs, Training programs, Vocational rehabilitation, Work study programs
Related Terms: Program accessibility, Program evaluation
Use for: Federal programs, Government programs

Progressive diseases
Use: Degenerative diseases

Projects with industry [SCOPE NOTE: Federal program authorized in 1968 to provide funding support to involve private sector representatives in the design, placement, and training for competitive employment of persons with disabilities]
Broader Terms: Programs
Related Terms: Careers, Private sector employment

Promotion practices [SCOPE NOTE: As related to employment, reassignment to a position that requires or offers an advanced level of responsibility, title, and/or remuneration; CIRRIE term added April 2000]

Prosthetics [SCOPE NOTE: Use of artificial materials to replace missing parts of the body; artificial limbs; includes prostheses and prosthetists]
Broader Terms: Devices, Mobility aids
Related Terms: Amputations, Orthopedics, Orthotics, Rehabilitation engineering

Prostitution
Use: Public offenders

Psychiatric disabilities [SCOPE NOTE: Formerly MENTAL ILLNESS. Psychoses, mental or emotional disorders; broad term includes any disorder which affects the mind or behavior. Use narrower terms listed below when applicable. Term added July 1998]
Narrower terms: Anxiety disorders, Autism, Behavior disorders, Depression, Emotional disorders, Schizophrenia
Broader Terms: Disabilities
Related Terms: Behavior modification, Emotions, Psychiatric evaluation, Psychiatry, Psychology
Use for: Mental illness, Personality disorders, Psychosis

Psychiatric evaluation [SCOPE NOTE: Evaluation by a psychiatrist to determine mental, emotional, or behavioral capabilities from a medical perspective. For evaluation of psychiatric disabilities from a non-medical perspective, use PSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION.]
Broader Terms: Evaluation, Psychiatry
Related Terms: Psychiatric disabilities, Psychological evaluation, Psychological tests, Psychotherapy
Use for: Client evaluation, Psychodiagnosis

Psychiatry [SCOPE NOTE: Branch of medicine that deals with mental, emotional, or behavioral disorders; includes psychiatrists, psychiatric treatment, and psychiatric rehabilitation]
Narrower terms: Psychiatric evaluation
Broader Terms: Medicine
Related Terms: Anxiety disorders, Behavior disorders, Clinical psychology, Medical personnel, Medical treatment, Psychiatric disabilities, Psychology, Rehabilitation

Psychodiagnosis
Use: Psychiatric evaluation

Psychological aspects [SCOPE NOTE: Includes psychological aspects of disability]
Related Terms: Medical aspects, Psychology, Psychosocial factors, Quality of life, Sleep disorders

Psychological evaluation [SCOPE NOTE: Diagnosis of mental diseases]
Related Terms: Psychiatric evaluation, Psychological tests, Psychotherapy, Vocational evaluation
Use for: Client evaluation

Psychological tests [SCOPE NOTE: Criteria used to measure various psychological aspects of an individual; includes psychological evaluation]
Narrower terms: Intelligence tests
Broader Terms: Evaluation, Evaluation techniques, Tests
Related Terms: Evaluation, Psychiatric evaluation, Psychological evaluation, Psychology, Vocational evaluation
Use for: Measurements, Psychometrics

Psychology [SCOPE NOTE: Science dealing with mental processes, both normal and abnormal, and their effects on behavior]
Narrower terms: Clinical psychology, Counseling psychology, Social psychology
Broader Terms: Social sciences
Related Terms: Anxiety disorders, Behavior disorders, Cognition, Counseling, Depression, Psychiatric disabilities, Psychiatry, Psychological aspects, Psychological tests, Psychosocial factors, Psychotherapy

Psychometrics
Use: Factor analysis, Psychological tests

Psychosis
Use: Psychiatric disabilities

Psychosocial factors [SCOPE NOTE: Includes both psychological and social influences on an individual's development]
Related Terms: Child development, Psychological aspects, Psychology, Quality of life, Social psychology

Psychotherapy [SCOPE NOTE: Treatment of mental or emotional disorders or of related bodily ills by psychological means; includes psychotherapists and psychoanalysts]
Narrower terms: Milieu therapy
Broader Terms: Medical treatment, Therapy
Related Terms: Art therapy, Psychiatric evaluation, Psychological evaluation, Psychology
Use for: Treatment

Public assistance
Use: Low income, Poverty, Welfare

Public health

Public health model
Use: Health promotion, Prevention

Public information
Use: Public relations

Public offenders [SCOPE NOTE: Persons who have been convicted of criminal offenses; includes criminals and ex-offenders]
Related Terms: Correctional facilities, Crime prevention, Institutionalization, Juvenile delinquency, Law enforcement
Use for: Criminals, Offenders, Prostitution

Public relations [SCOPE NOTE: Often intended to change understanding, attitudes, and behavior; includes exhibits, public speaking, advertising, publicity, promotional material, commercials, public education, and awareness; excludes CONFERENCES and CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS]
Related Terms: Advocacy, Management, Marketing, Radio, Television
Use for: Advertising, Public information

Public transportation [SCOPE NOTE: Publicly owned or publicly available transportation systems]
Broader Terms: Transportation
Related Terms: Air transportation, Rail transportation, Transportation accessibility, Travel

Pulmonary disorders
Use: Respiratory disease

Pulmonary function
Related Terms: Cardiopulmonary function, Respiratory disease

Punishment
Use: Behavior modification